Struct pyo3::Py

#[repr(transparent)]
pub struct Py<T>(_, _);

A GIL-independent reference to an object allocated on the Python heap.

This type does not auto-dereference to the inner object because you must prove you hold the GIL to access it. Instead, call one of its methods to access the inner object:

• Py::as_ref, to borrow a GIL-bound reference to the contained object.
• Py::borrow, Py::try_borrow, Py::borrow_mut, or Py::try_borrow_mut, to get a (mutable) reference to a contained pyclass, using a scheme similar to std’s RefCell. See the PyCell guide entry for more information.
• You can call methods directly on Py with Py::call, Py::call_method and friends. These require passing in the Python<'py> token but are otherwise similar to the corresponding methods on PyAny.

Example: Storing Python objects in structs

As all the native Python objects only appear as references, storing them in structs doesn’t work well. For example, this won’t compile:

#[pyclass]
struct Foo<'py> {
    inner: &'py PyDict,
}

impl Foo {
    fn new() -> Foo {
        let foo = Python::with_gil(|py| {
            // `py` will only last for this scope.

            // `&PyDict` derives its lifetime from `py` and
            // so won't be able to outlive this closure.
            let dict: &PyDict = PyDict::new(py);

            // because `Foo` contains `dict` its lifetime
            // is now also tied to `py`.
            Foo { inner: dict }
        });
        // Foo is no longer valid.
        // Returning it from this function is a 💥 compiler error 💥
        foo
    }
}

Py<T> can be used to get around this by converting dict into a GIL-independent reference:

#[pyclass]
struct Foo {
    inner: Py<PyDict>,
}

impl Foo {
    fn new() -> Foo {
        Python::with_gil(|py| {
            let dict: Py<PyDict> = PyDict::new(py).into();
            Foo { inner: dict }
        })
    }
}

This can also be done with other pyclasses:

#[pyclass]
struct Bar {/* fields omitted */}

#[pyclass]
struct Foo {
    inner: Py<Bar>,
}

impl Foo {
    fn new() -> PyResult<Foo> {
        Python::with_gil(|py| {
            let bar: Py<Bar> = Py::new(py, Bar {})?;
            Ok(Foo { inner: bar })
        })
    }
}

Example: Shared ownership of Python objects

Py<T> can be used to share ownership of a Python object, similar to std’s Rc<T>. As with Rc<T>, cloning it increases its reference count rather than duplicating the underlying object.

This can be done using either Py::clone_ref or Py<T>’s Clone trait implementation. Py::clone_ref will be faster if you happen to be already holding the GIL.

use pyo3::prelude::*;
use pyo3::types::PyDict;
use pyo3::conversion::AsPyPointer;

Python::with_gil(|py| {
    let first: Py<PyDict> = PyDict::new(py).into();

    // All of these are valid syntax
    let second = Py::clone_ref(&first, py);
    let third = first.clone_ref(py);
    let fourth = Py::clone(&first);
    let fifth = first.clone();

    // Disposing of our original `Py<PyDict>` just decrements the reference count.
    drop(first);

    // They all point to the same object
    assert_eq!(second.as_ptr(), third.as_ptr());
    assert_eq!(fourth.as_ptr(), fifth.as_ptr());
    assert_eq!(second.as_ptr(), fourth.as_ptr());
});

Preventing reference cycles

It is easy to accidentally create reference cycles using Py<T>. The Python interpreter can break these reference cycles within pyclasses if they implement the PyGCProtocol. If your pyclass contains other Python objects you should implement this protocol to avoid leaking memory.

A note on Send and Sync

Accessing this object is threadsafe, since any access to its API requires a Python<'py> token. As you can only get this by acquiring the GIL, Py<...> “implements Send and Sync.

Implementations

impl<T> Py<T> where
    T: PyClass, 

pub fn new(
    py: Python<'_>,
    value: impl Into<PyClassInitializer<T>>
) -> PyResult<Py<T>>

Creates a new instance Py<T> of a #[pyclass] on the Python heap.

Examples

use pyo3::prelude::*;

#[pyclass]
struct Foo {/* fields omitted */}

Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<Py<Foo>> {
    let foo: Py<Foo> = Py::new(py, Foo {})?;
    Ok(foo)
})?;

impl<T> Py<T> where
    T: PyTypeInfo, 

pub fn as_ref<'py>(&'py self, _py: Python<'py>) -> &'py T::AsRefTarget

Borrows a GIL-bound reference to the contained T.

By binding to the GIL lifetime, this allows the GIL-bound reference to not require Python<'py> for any of its methods, which makes calling methods on it more ergonomic.

For native types, this reference is &T. For pyclasses, this is &PyCell<T>.

Note that the lifetime of the returned reference is the shortest of &self and Python<'py>. Consider using Py::into_ref instead if this poses a problem.

Examples

Get access to &PyList from Py<PyList>:

Python::with_gil(|py| {
    let list: Py<PyList> = PyList::empty(py).into();
    let list: &PyList = list.as_ref(py);
    assert_eq!(list.len(), 0);
});

Get access to &PyCell<MyClass> from Py<MyClass>:

#[pyclass]
struct MyClass { }

Python::with_gil(|py| {
    let my_class: Py<MyClass> = Py::new(py, MyClass { }).unwrap();
    let my_class_cell: &PyCell<MyClass> = my_class.as_ref(py);
    assert!(my_class_cell.try_borrow().is_ok());
});

pub fn into_ref(self, py: Python<'_>) -> &T::AsRefTarget

Borrows a GIL-bound reference to the contained T independently of the lifetime of T.

This method is similar to as_ref but consumes self and registers the Python object reference in PyO3’s object storage. The reference count for the Python object will not be decreased until the GIL lifetime ends.

You should prefer using as_ref if you can as it’ll have less overhead.

Examples

Py::as_ref’s lifetime limitation forbids creating a function that references a variable created inside the function.

fn new_py_any<'py>(py: Python<'py>, value: impl IntoPy<Py<PyAny>>) -> &'py PyAny {
    let obj: Py<PyAny> = value.into_py(py);

    // The lifetime of the return value of this function is the shortest
    // of `obj` and `py`. As `obj` is owned by the current function,
    // Rust won't let the return value escape this function!
    obj.as_ref(py)
}

This can be solved by using Py::into_ref instead, which does not suffer from this issue. Note that the lifetime of the Python<'py> token is transferred to the returned reference.

fn new_py_any<'py>(py: Python<'py>, value: impl IntoPy<Py<PyAny>>) -> &'py PyAny {
    let obj: Py<PyAny> = value.into_py(py);

    // This reference's lifetime is determined by `py`'s lifetime.
    // Because that originates from outside this function,
    // this return value is allowed.
    obj.into_ref(py)
}

impl<T> Py<T> where
    T: PyClass, 

pub fn borrow<'py>(&'py self, py: Python<'py>) -> PyRef<'py, T>

Immutably borrows the value T.

This borrow lasts while the returned PyRef exists. Multiple immutable borrows can be taken out at the same time.

Equivalent to self.as_ref(py).borrow() - see PyCell::borrow.

Examples

#[pyclass]
struct Foo {
    inner: u8,
}

Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<()> {
    let foo: Py<Foo> = Py::new(py, Foo { inner: 73 })?;
    let inner: &u8 = &foo.borrow(py).inner;

    assert_eq!(*inner, 73);
    Ok(())
})?;

Panics

Panics if the value is currently mutably borrowed. For a non-panicking variant, use try_borrow.

pub fn borrow_mut<'py>(&'py self, py: Python<'py>) -> PyRefMut<'py, T>

Mutably borrows the value T.

This borrow lasts while the returned PyRefMut exists.

Equivalent to self.as_ref(py).borrow_mut() - see PyCell::borrow_mut.

Examples

#[pyclass]
struct Foo {
    inner: u8,
}

Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<()> {
    let foo: Py<Foo> = Py::new(py, Foo { inner: 73 })?;
    foo.borrow_mut(py).inner = 35;

    assert_eq!(foo.borrow(py).inner, 35);
    Ok(())
})?;

Panics

Panics if the value is currently mutably borrowed. For a non-panicking variant, use try_borrow_mut.

pub fn try_borrow<'py>(
    &'py self,
    py: Python<'py>
) -> Result<PyRef<'py, T>, PyBorrowError>

Attempts to immutably borrow the value T, returning an error if the value is currently mutably borrowed.

The borrow lasts while the returned PyRef exists.

This is the non-panicking variant of borrow.

Equivalent to self.as_ref(py).borrow_mut() - see PyCell::try_borrow.

pub fn try_borrow_mut<'py>(
    &'py self,
    py: Python<'py>
) -> Result<PyRefMut<'py, T>, PyBorrowMutError>

Attempts to mutably borrow the value T, returning an error if the value is currently borrowed.

The borrow lasts while the returned PyRefMut exists.

This is the non-panicking variant of borrow_mut.

Equivalent to self.as_ref(py).try_borrow_mut() - see PyCell::try_borrow_mut.

impl<T> Py<T>

pub fn get_refcnt(&self, _py: Python<'_>) -> isize

Gets the reference count of the ffi::PyObject pointer.

pub fn clone_ref(&self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<T>

Makes a clone of self.

This creates another pointer to the same object, increasing its reference count.

You should prefer using this method over Clone if you happen to be holding the GIL already.

Examples

use pyo3::prelude::*;
use pyo3::types::PyDict;
use pyo3::conversion::AsPyPointer;

Python::with_gil(|py| {
    let first: Py<PyDict> = PyDict::new(py).into();
    let second = Py::clone_ref(&first, py);

    // Both point to the same object
    assert_eq!(first.as_ptr(), second.as_ptr());
});

pub fn is_none(&self, _py: Python<'_>) -> bool

Returns whether the object is considered to be None.

This is equivalent to the Python expression self is None.

pub fn is_true(&self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyResult<bool>

Returns whether the object is considered to be true.

This is equivalent to the Python expression bool(self).

pub fn extract<'p, D>(&'p self, py: Python<'p>) -> PyResult<D> where
    D: FromPyObject<'p>, 

Extracts some type from the Python object.

This is a wrapper function around FromPyObject::extract().

pub fn getattr<N>(&self, py: Python<'_>, attr_name: N) -> PyResult<PyObject> where
    N: ToPyObject, 

Retrieves an attribute value.

This is equivalent to the Python expression self.attr_name.

pub fn call(
    &self,
    py: Python<'_>,
    args: impl IntoPy<Py<PyTuple>>,
    kwargs: Option<&PyDict>
) -> PyResult<PyObject>

Calls the object.

This is equivalent to the Python expression self(*args, **kwargs).

pub fn call1(
    &self,
    py: Python<'_>,
    args: impl IntoPy<Py<PyTuple>>
) -> PyResult<PyObject>

Calls the object with only positional arguments.

This is equivalent to the Python expression self(*args).

pub fn call0(&self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyResult<PyObject>

Calls the object without arguments.

This is equivalent to the Python expression self().

pub fn call_method(
    &self,
    py: Python<'_>,
    name: &str,
    args: impl IntoPy<Py<PyTuple>>,
    kwargs: Option<&PyDict>
) -> PyResult<PyObject>

Calls a method on the object.

This is equivalent to the Python expression self.name(*args, **kwargs).

pub fn call_method1(
    &self,
    py: Python<'_>,
    name: &str,
    args: impl IntoPy<Py<PyTuple>>
) -> PyResult<PyObject>

Calls a method on the object with only positional arguments.

This is equivalent to the Python expression self.name(*args).

pub fn call_method0(&self, py: Python<'_>, name: &str) -> PyResult<PyObject>

Calls a method on the object with no arguments.

This is equivalent to the Python expression self.name().

pub unsafe fn from_owned_ptr(py: Python<'_>, ptr: *mut PyObject) -> Py<T>

Create a Py<T> instance by taking ownership of the given FFI pointer.

Safety

ptr must be a pointer to a Python object of type T.

Callers must own the object referred to by ptr, as this function implicitly takes ownership of that object.

Panics

Panics if ptr is null.

pub unsafe fn from_owned_ptr_or_err(
    py: Python<'_>,
    ptr: *mut PyObject
) -> PyResult<Py<T>>

Create a Py<T> instance by taking ownership of the given FFI pointer.

If ptr is null then the current Python exception is fetched as a PyErr.

Safety

If non-null, ptr must be a pointer to a Python object of type T.

pub unsafe fn from_owned_ptr_or_opt(
    _py: Python<'_>,
    ptr: *mut PyObject
) -> Option<Self>

Create a Py<T> instance by taking ownership of the given FFI pointer.

If ptr is null then None is returned.

Safety

If non-null, ptr must be a pointer to a Python object of type T.

pub unsafe fn from_borrowed_ptr(py: Python<'_>, ptr: *mut PyObject) -> Py<T>

Create a Py<T> instance by creating a new reference from the given FFI pointer.

Safety

ptr must be a pointer to a Python object of type T.

Panics

Panics if ptr is null.

pub unsafe fn from_borrowed_ptr_or_err(
    py: Python<'_>,
    ptr: *mut PyObject
) -> PyResult<Self>

Create a Py<T> instance by creating a new reference from the given FFI pointer.

If ptr is null then the current Python exception is fetched as a PyErr.

Safety

ptr must be a pointer to a Python object of type T.

pub unsafe fn from_borrowed_ptr_or_opt(
    _py: Python<'_>,
    ptr: *mut PyObject
) -> Option<Self>

Create a Py<T> instance by creating a new reference from the given FFI pointer.

If ptr is null then None is returned.

Safety

ptr must be a pointer to a Python object of type T.

impl Py<PyAny>

pub fn cast_as<'p, D>(
    &'p self,
    py: Python<'p>
) -> Result<&'p D, PyDowncastError<'_>> where
    D: PyTryFrom<'p>, 

Casts the PyObject to a concrete Python object type.

This can cast only to native Python types, not types implemented in Rust. For a more flexible alternative, see Py::extract.

Trait Implementations

impl<T> AsPyPointer for Py<T>

fn as_ptr(&self) -> *mut PyObject

Gets the underlying FFI pointer, returns a borrowed pointer.

impl<T> Clone for Py<T>

If the GIL is held this increments self’s reference count. Otherwise this registers the Py<T> instance to have its reference count incremented the next time PyO3 acquires the GIL.

fn clone(&self) -> Self

Returns a copy of the value.

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl<T> Debug for Py<T>

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<T> Display for Py<T> where
    T: PyTypeInfo,
    T::AsRefTarget: Display, 

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<T> Drop for Py<T>

Dropping a Py instance decrements the reference count on the object by 1.

fn drop(&mut self)

Executes the destructor for this type.

impl<T> Error for Py<T> where
    T: Error + PyTypeInfo,
    T::AsRefTarget: Display, 

Py can be used as an error when T is an Error.

However for GIL lifetime reasons, cause() cannot be implemented for Py. Use .as_ref() to get the GIL-scoped error if you need to inspect the cause.

fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn Error + 'static)>

The lower-level source of this error, if any.

fn backtrace(&self) -> Option<&Backtrace>

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (backtrace)

Returns a stack backtrace, if available, of where this error occurred.

fn description(&self) -> &str

👎 Deprecated since 1.42.0:

use the Display impl or to_string()

fn cause(&self) -> Option<&dyn Error>

👎 Deprecated since 1.33.0:

replaced by Error::source, which can support downcasting

impl From<&'_ CancelledError> for Py<CancelledError>

fn from(other: &CancelledError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ IncompleteReadError> for Py<IncompleteReadError>

fn from(other: &IncompleteReadError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ InvalidStateError> for Py<InvalidStateError>

fn from(other: &InvalidStateError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ LimitOverrunError> for Py<LimitOverrunError>

fn from(other: &LimitOverrunError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PanicException> for Py<PanicException>

fn from(other: &PanicException) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyArithmeticError> for Py<PyArithmeticError>

fn from(other: &PyArithmeticError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyAssertionError> for Py<PyAssertionError>

fn from(other: &PyAssertionError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyAttributeError> for Py<PyAttributeError>

fn from(other: &PyAttributeError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyBaseException> for Py<PyBaseException>

fn from(other: &PyBaseException) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyBlockingIOError> for Py<PyBlockingIOError>

fn from(other: &PyBlockingIOError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyBool> for Py<PyBool>

fn from(other: &PyBool) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyBrokenPipeError> for Py<PyBrokenPipeError>

fn from(other: &PyBrokenPipeError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyBufferError> for Py<PyBufferError>

fn from(other: &PyBufferError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyByteArray> for Py<PyByteArray>

fn from(other: &PyByteArray) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyBytes> for Py<PyBytes>

fn from(other: &PyBytes) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyCFunction> for Py<PyCFunction>

fn from(other: &PyCFunction) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl<'a, T> From<&'_ PyCell<T>> for Py<T> where
    T: PyClass, 

fn from(cell: &PyCell<T>) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyChildProcessError> for Py<PyChildProcessError>

fn from(other: &PyChildProcessError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyComplex> for Py<PyComplex>

fn from(other: &PyComplex) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyConnectionAbortedError> for Py<PyConnectionAbortedError>

fn from(other: &PyConnectionAbortedError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyConnectionError> for Py<PyConnectionError>

fn from(other: &PyConnectionError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyConnectionRefusedError> for Py<PyConnectionRefusedError>

fn from(other: &PyConnectionRefusedError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyConnectionResetError> for Py<PyConnectionResetError>

fn from(other: &PyConnectionResetError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyDate> for Py<PyDate>

fn from(other: &PyDate) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyDateTime> for Py<PyDateTime>

fn from(other: &PyDateTime) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyDelta> for Py<PyDelta>

fn from(other: &PyDelta) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyDict> for Py<PyDict>

fn from(other: &PyDict) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyEOFError> for Py<PyEOFError>

fn from(other: &PyEOFError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyEnvironmentError> for Py<PyEnvironmentError>

fn from(other: &PyEnvironmentError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyException> for Py<PyException>

fn from(other: &PyException) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyFileExistsError> for Py<PyFileExistsError>

fn from(other: &PyFileExistsError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyFileNotFoundError> for Py<PyFileNotFoundError>

fn from(other: &PyFileNotFoundError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyFloat> for Py<PyFloat>

fn from(other: &PyFloat) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyFloatingPointError> for Py<PyFloatingPointError>

fn from(other: &PyFloatingPointError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyFrozenSet> for Py<PyFrozenSet>

fn from(other: &PyFrozenSet) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyFunction> for Py<PyFunction>

fn from(other: &PyFunction) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyGeneratorExit> for Py<PyGeneratorExit>

fn from(other: &PyGeneratorExit) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyIOError> for Py<PyIOError>

fn from(other: &PyIOError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyImportError> for Py<PyImportError>

fn from(other: &PyImportError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyIndexError> for Py<PyIndexError>

fn from(other: &PyIndexError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyInterruptedError> for Py<PyInterruptedError>

fn from(other: &PyInterruptedError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyIsADirectoryError> for Py<PyIsADirectoryError>

fn from(other: &PyIsADirectoryError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyIterator> for Py<PyIterator>

fn from(other: &PyIterator) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyKeyError> for Py<PyKeyError>

fn from(other: &PyKeyError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyKeyboardInterrupt> for Py<PyKeyboardInterrupt>

fn from(other: &PyKeyboardInterrupt) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyList> for Py<PyList>

fn from(other: &PyList) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyLong> for Py<PyLong>

fn from(other: &PyLong) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyLookupError> for Py<PyLookupError>

fn from(other: &PyLookupError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyMemoryError> for Py<PyMemoryError>

fn from(other: &PyMemoryError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyModule> for Py<PyModule>

fn from(other: &PyModule) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyModuleNotFoundError> for Py<PyModuleNotFoundError>

fn from(other: &PyModuleNotFoundError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyNameError> for Py<PyNameError>

fn from(other: &PyNameError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyNotADirectoryError> for Py<PyNotADirectoryError>

fn from(other: &PyNotADirectoryError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyNotImplementedError> for Py<PyNotImplementedError>

fn from(other: &PyNotImplementedError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyOSError> for Py<PyOSError>

fn from(other: &PyOSError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyOverflowError> for Py<PyOverflowError>

fn from(other: &PyOverflowError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyPermissionError> for Py<PyPermissionError>

fn from(other: &PyPermissionError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyProcessLookupError> for Py<PyProcessLookupError>

fn from(other: &PyProcessLookupError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyRecursionError> for Py<PyRecursionError>

fn from(other: &PyRecursionError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyReferenceError> for Py<PyReferenceError>

fn from(other: &PyReferenceError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyRuntimeError> for Py<PyRuntimeError>

fn from(other: &PyRuntimeError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PySequence> for Py<PySequence>

fn from(other: &PySequence) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PySet> for Py<PySet>

fn from(other: &PySet) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PySlice> for Py<PySlice>

fn from(other: &PySlice) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyStopAsyncIteration> for Py<PyStopAsyncIteration>

fn from(other: &PyStopAsyncIteration) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyStopIteration> for Py<PyStopIteration>

fn from(other: &PyStopIteration) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyString> for Py<PyString>

fn from(other: &PyString) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PySyntaxError> for Py<PySyntaxError>

fn from(other: &PySyntaxError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PySystemError> for Py<PySystemError>

fn from(other: &PySystemError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PySystemExit> for Py<PySystemExit>

fn from(other: &PySystemExit) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyTime> for Py<PyTime>

fn from(other: &PyTime) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyTimeoutError> for Py<PyTimeoutError>

fn from(other: &PyTimeoutError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyTuple> for Py<PyTuple>

fn from(other: &PyTuple) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyType> for Py<PyType>

fn from(other: &PyType) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyTypeError> for Py<PyTypeError>

fn from(other: &PyTypeError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyTzInfo> for Py<PyTzInfo>

fn from(other: &PyTzInfo) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyUnboundLocalError> for Py<PyUnboundLocalError>

fn from(other: &PyUnboundLocalError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyUnicodeDecodeError> for Py<PyUnicodeDecodeError>

fn from(other: &PyUnicodeDecodeError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyUnicodeEncodeError> for Py<PyUnicodeEncodeError>

fn from(other: &PyUnicodeEncodeError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyUnicodeError> for Py<PyUnicodeError>

fn from(other: &PyUnicodeError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyUnicodeTranslateError> for Py<PyUnicodeTranslateError>

fn from(other: &PyUnicodeTranslateError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyValueError> for Py<PyValueError>

fn from(other: &PyValueError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ PyZeroDivisionError> for Py<PyZeroDivisionError>

fn from(other: &PyZeroDivisionError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ QueueEmpty> for Py<QueueEmpty>

fn from(other: &QueueEmpty) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ QueueFull> for Py<QueueFull>

fn from(other: &QueueFull) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ TimeoutError> for Py<TimeoutError>

fn from(other: &TimeoutError) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ gaierror> for Py<gaierror>

fn from(other: &gaierror) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ herror> for Py<herror>

fn from(other: &herror) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl From<&'_ timeout> for Py<timeout>

fn from(other: &timeout) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl<T> From<Py<T>> for PyObject where
    T: AsRef<PyAny>, 

fn from(other: Py<T>) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl<'a, T> From<PyRef<'a, T>> for Py<T> where
    T: PyClass, 

fn from(pyref: PyRef<'a, T>) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl<'a, T> From<PyRefMut<'a, T>> for Py<T> where
    T: PyClass, 

fn from(pyref: PyRefMut<'a, T>) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl<'a, T> FromPyObject<'a> for Py<T> where
    T: PyTypeInfo,
    &'a T::AsRefTarget: FromPyObject<'a>,
    T::AsRefTarget: 'a + AsPyPointer, 

fn extract(ob: &'a PyAny) -> PyResult<Self>

Extracts Self from the source PyObject.

impl IntoPy<Py<CancelledError>> for &CancelledError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<CancelledError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<IncompleteReadError>> for &IncompleteReadError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<IncompleteReadError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<InvalidStateError>> for &InvalidStateError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<InvalidStateError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<LimitOverrunError>> for &LimitOverrunError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<LimitOverrunError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PanicException>> for &PanicException

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PanicException>

Performs the conversion.

impl<T> IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for Option<T> where
    T: IntoPy<PyObject>, 

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for ()

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for PathBuf

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl<'a> IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for &'a PathBuf

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for PyErr

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl<'a> IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for &'a PyErr

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl<T> IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for Py<T>

fn into_py(self, _py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Converts a Py instance to PyObject. Consumes self without calling Py_DECREF().

impl<T: PyClass> IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for PyRef<'_, T>

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl<T: PyClass> IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for PyRefMut<'_, T>

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for bool

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl<'a> IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for &'a [u8]

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl<K, V, H> IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for HashMap<K, V, H> where
    K: Hash + Eq + IntoPy<PyObject>,
    V: IntoPy<PyObject>,
    H: BuildHasher, 

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl<T> IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for &T where
    T: AsPyPointer, 

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl<K, V> IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for BTreeMap<K, V> where
    K: Eq + IntoPy<PyObject>,
    V: IntoPy<PyObject>, 

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for f64

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for f32

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl<T> IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for Vec<T> where
    T: IntoPy<PyObject>, 

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for i8

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for u8

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for i16

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for u16

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for i32

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for u32

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl<T, const N: usize> IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for [T; N] where
    T: ToPyObject, 

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for i64

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for isize

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for usize

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for u64

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for i128

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for u128

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl<K, S> IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for HashSet<K, S> where
    K: IntoPy<PyObject> + Eq + Hash,
    S: BuildHasher + Default, 

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl<K> IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for BTreeSet<K> where
    K: IntoPy<PyObject> + Ord, 

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl<'a> IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for &'a str

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for Cow<'_, str>

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for &OsStr

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for char

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for String

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl<'a> IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for &'a String

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl<T0: IntoPy<PyObject>> IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for (T0,)

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl<T0: IntoPy<PyObject>, T1: IntoPy<PyObject>> IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for (T0, T1)

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl<T0: IntoPy<PyObject>, T1: IntoPy<PyObject>, T2: IntoPy<PyObject>> IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for (T0, T1, T2)

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl<T0: IntoPy<PyObject>, T1: IntoPy<PyObject>, T2: IntoPy<PyObject>, T3: IntoPy<PyObject>> IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for (T0, T1, T2, T3)

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl<T0: IntoPy<PyObject>, T1: IntoPy<PyObject>, T2: IntoPy<PyObject>, T3: IntoPy<PyObject>, T4: IntoPy<PyObject>> IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for (T0, T1, T2, T3, T4)

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl<T0: IntoPy<PyObject>, T1: IntoPy<PyObject>, T2: IntoPy<PyObject>, T3: IntoPy<PyObject>, T4: IntoPy<PyObject>, T5: IntoPy<PyObject>> IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for (T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5)

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl<T0: IntoPy<PyObject>, T1: IntoPy<PyObject>, T2: IntoPy<PyObject>, T3: IntoPy<PyObject>, T4: IntoPy<PyObject>, T5: IntoPy<PyObject>, T6: IntoPy<PyObject>> IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for (T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6)

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for Cow<'_, OsStr>

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl<T0: IntoPy<PyObject>, T1: IntoPy<PyObject>, T2: IntoPy<PyObject>, T3: IntoPy<PyObject>, T4: IntoPy<PyObject>, T5: IntoPy<PyObject>, T6: IntoPy<PyObject>, T7: IntoPy<PyObject>> IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for (T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7)

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl<T0: IntoPy<PyObject>, T1: IntoPy<PyObject>, T2: IntoPy<PyObject>, T3: IntoPy<PyObject>, T4: IntoPy<PyObject>, T5: IntoPy<PyObject>, T6: IntoPy<PyObject>, T7: IntoPy<PyObject>, T8: IntoPy<PyObject>> IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for (T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8)

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl<T0: IntoPy<PyObject>, T1: IntoPy<PyObject>, T2: IntoPy<PyObject>, T3: IntoPy<PyObject>, T4: IntoPy<PyObject>, T5: IntoPy<PyObject>, T6: IntoPy<PyObject>, T7: IntoPy<PyObject>, T8: IntoPy<PyObject>, T9: IntoPy<PyObject>> IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for (T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9)

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl<T0: IntoPy<PyObject>, T1: IntoPy<PyObject>, T2: IntoPy<PyObject>, T3: IntoPy<PyObject>, T4: IntoPy<PyObject>, T5: IntoPy<PyObject>, T6: IntoPy<PyObject>, T7: IntoPy<PyObject>, T8: IntoPy<PyObject>, T9: IntoPy<PyObject>, T10: IntoPy<PyObject>> IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for (T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10)

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl<T0: IntoPy<PyObject>, T1: IntoPy<PyObject>, T2: IntoPy<PyObject>, T3: IntoPy<PyObject>, T4: IntoPy<PyObject>, T5: IntoPy<PyObject>, T6: IntoPy<PyObject>, T7: IntoPy<PyObject>, T8: IntoPy<PyObject>, T9: IntoPy<PyObject>, T10: IntoPy<PyObject>, T11: IntoPy<PyObject>> IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for (T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11)

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for OsString

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl<'a> IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for &'a OsString

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl<'a> IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for &'a Path

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl<'a> IntoPy<Py<PyAny>> for Cow<'a, Path>

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyArithmeticError>> for &PyArithmeticError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyArithmeticError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyAssertionError>> for &PyAssertionError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyAssertionError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyAttributeError>> for &PyAttributeError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyAttributeError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyBaseException>> for &PyBaseException

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyBaseException>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyBlockingIOError>> for &PyBlockingIOError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyBlockingIOError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyBool>> for &PyBool

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyBool>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyBrokenPipeError>> for &PyBrokenPipeError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyBrokenPipeError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyBufferError>> for &PyBufferError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyBufferError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyByteArray>> for &PyByteArray

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyByteArray>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyBytes>> for &PyBytes

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyBytes>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyCFunction>> for &PyCFunction

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyCFunction>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyChildProcessError>> for &PyChildProcessError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyChildProcessError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyComplex>> for &PyComplex

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyComplex>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyConnectionAbortedError>> for &PyConnectionAbortedError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyConnectionAbortedError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyConnectionError>> for &PyConnectionError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyConnectionError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyConnectionRefusedError>> for &PyConnectionRefusedError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyConnectionRefusedError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyConnectionResetError>> for &PyConnectionResetError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyConnectionResetError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyDate>> for &PyDate

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyDate>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyDateTime>> for &PyDateTime

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyDateTime>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyDelta>> for &PyDelta

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyDelta>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyDict>> for &PyDict

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyDict>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyEOFError>> for &PyEOFError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyEOFError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyEnvironmentError>> for &PyEnvironmentError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyEnvironmentError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyException>> for &PyException

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyException>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyFileExistsError>> for &PyFileExistsError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyFileExistsError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyFileNotFoundError>> for &PyFileNotFoundError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyFileNotFoundError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyFloat>> for &PyFloat

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyFloat>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyFloatingPointError>> for &PyFloatingPointError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyFloatingPointError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyFrozenSet>> for &PyFrozenSet

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyFrozenSet>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyFunction>> for &PyFunction

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyFunction>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyGeneratorExit>> for &PyGeneratorExit

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyGeneratorExit>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyIOError>> for &PyIOError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyIOError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyImportError>> for &PyImportError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyImportError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyIndexError>> for &PyIndexError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyIndexError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyInterruptedError>> for &PyInterruptedError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyInterruptedError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyIsADirectoryError>> for &PyIsADirectoryError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyIsADirectoryError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyIterator>> for &PyIterator

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyIterator>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyKeyError>> for &PyKeyError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyKeyError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyKeyboardInterrupt>> for &PyKeyboardInterrupt

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyKeyboardInterrupt>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyList>> for &PyList

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyList>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyLong>> for &PyLong

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyLong>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyLookupError>> for &PyLookupError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyLookupError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyMemoryError>> for &PyMemoryError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyMemoryError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyModule>> for &PyModule

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyModule>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyModuleNotFoundError>> for &PyModuleNotFoundError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyModuleNotFoundError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyNameError>> for &PyNameError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyNameError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyNotADirectoryError>> for &PyNotADirectoryError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyNotADirectoryError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyNotImplementedError>> for &PyNotImplementedError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyNotImplementedError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyOSError>> for &PyOSError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyOSError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyOverflowError>> for &PyOverflowError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyOverflowError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyPermissionError>> for &PyPermissionError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyPermissionError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyProcessLookupError>> for &PyProcessLookupError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyProcessLookupError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyRecursionError>> for &PyRecursionError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyRecursionError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyReferenceError>> for &PyReferenceError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyReferenceError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyRuntimeError>> for &PyRuntimeError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyRuntimeError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PySequence>> for &PySequence

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PySequence>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PySet>> for &PySet

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PySet>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PySlice>> for &PySlice

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PySlice>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyStopAsyncIteration>> for &PyStopAsyncIteration

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyStopAsyncIteration>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyStopIteration>> for &PyStopIteration

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyStopIteration>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyString>> for &PyString

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyString>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PySyntaxError>> for &PySyntaxError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PySyntaxError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PySystemError>> for &PySystemError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PySystemError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PySystemExit>> for &PySystemExit

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PySystemExit>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyTime>> for &PyTime

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyTime>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyTimeoutError>> for &PyTimeoutError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyTimeoutError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyTuple>> for ()

Converts () to an empty Python tuple.

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyTuple>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyTuple>> for &PyTuple

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyTuple>

Performs the conversion.

impl<T0: IntoPy<PyObject>, T1: IntoPy<PyObject>, T2: IntoPy<PyObject>, T3: IntoPy<PyObject>, T4: IntoPy<PyObject>, T5: IntoPy<PyObject>, T6: IntoPy<PyObject>, T7: IntoPy<PyObject>, T8: IntoPy<PyObject>> IntoPy<Py<PyTuple>> for (T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8)

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyTuple>

Performs the conversion.

impl<T0: IntoPy<PyObject>, T1: IntoPy<PyObject>, T2: IntoPy<PyObject>, T3: IntoPy<PyObject>, T4: IntoPy<PyObject>, T5: IntoPy<PyObject>, T6: IntoPy<PyObject>, T7: IntoPy<PyObject>, T8: IntoPy<PyObject>, T9: IntoPy<PyObject>> IntoPy<Py<PyTuple>> for (T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9)

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyTuple>

Performs the conversion.

impl<T0: IntoPy<PyObject>, T1: IntoPy<PyObject>, T2: IntoPy<PyObject>, T3: IntoPy<PyObject>, T4: IntoPy<PyObject>, T5: IntoPy<PyObject>, T6: IntoPy<PyObject>, T7: IntoPy<PyObject>, T8: IntoPy<PyObject>, T9: IntoPy<PyObject>, T10: IntoPy<PyObject>> IntoPy<Py<PyTuple>> for (T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10)

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyTuple>

Performs the conversion.

impl<T0: IntoPy<PyObject>, T1: IntoPy<PyObject>, T2: IntoPy<PyObject>, T3: IntoPy<PyObject>, T4: IntoPy<PyObject>, T5: IntoPy<PyObject>, T6: IntoPy<PyObject>, T7: IntoPy<PyObject>, T8: IntoPy<PyObject>, T9: IntoPy<PyObject>, T10: IntoPy<PyObject>, T11: IntoPy<PyObject>> IntoPy<Py<PyTuple>> for (T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11)

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyTuple>

Performs the conversion.

impl<T0: IntoPy<PyObject>> IntoPy<Py<PyTuple>> for (T0,)

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyTuple>

Performs the conversion.

impl<T0: IntoPy<PyObject>, T1: IntoPy<PyObject>> IntoPy<Py<PyTuple>> for (T0, T1)

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyTuple>

Performs the conversion.

impl<T0: IntoPy<PyObject>, T1: IntoPy<PyObject>, T2: IntoPy<PyObject>> IntoPy<Py<PyTuple>> for (T0, T1, T2)

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyTuple>

Performs the conversion.

impl<T0: IntoPy<PyObject>, T1: IntoPy<PyObject>, T2: IntoPy<PyObject>, T3: IntoPy<PyObject>> IntoPy<Py<PyTuple>> for (T0, T1, T2, T3)

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyTuple>

Performs the conversion.

impl<T0: IntoPy<PyObject>, T1: IntoPy<PyObject>, T2: IntoPy<PyObject>, T3: IntoPy<PyObject>, T4: IntoPy<PyObject>> IntoPy<Py<PyTuple>> for (T0, T1, T2, T3, T4)

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyTuple>

Performs the conversion.

impl<T0: IntoPy<PyObject>, T1: IntoPy<PyObject>, T2: IntoPy<PyObject>, T3: IntoPy<PyObject>, T4: IntoPy<PyObject>, T5: IntoPy<PyObject>> IntoPy<Py<PyTuple>> for (T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5)

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyTuple>

Performs the conversion.

impl<T0: IntoPy<PyObject>, T1: IntoPy<PyObject>, T2: IntoPy<PyObject>, T3: IntoPy<PyObject>, T4: IntoPy<PyObject>, T5: IntoPy<PyObject>, T6: IntoPy<PyObject>> IntoPy<Py<PyTuple>> for (T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6)

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyTuple>

Performs the conversion.

impl<T0: IntoPy<PyObject>, T1: IntoPy<PyObject>, T2: IntoPy<PyObject>, T3: IntoPy<PyObject>, T4: IntoPy<PyObject>, T5: IntoPy<PyObject>, T6: IntoPy<PyObject>, T7: IntoPy<PyObject>> IntoPy<Py<PyTuple>> for (T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7)

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyTuple>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyType>> for &PyType

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyType>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyTypeError>> for &PyTypeError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyTypeError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyTzInfo>> for &PyTzInfo

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyTzInfo>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyUnboundLocalError>> for &PyUnboundLocalError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyUnboundLocalError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyUnicodeDecodeError>> for &PyUnicodeDecodeError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyUnicodeDecodeError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyUnicodeEncodeError>> for &PyUnicodeEncodeError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyUnicodeEncodeError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyUnicodeError>> for &PyUnicodeError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyUnicodeError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyUnicodeTranslateError>> for &PyUnicodeTranslateError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyUnicodeTranslateError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyValueError>> for &PyValueError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyValueError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<PyZeroDivisionError>> for &PyZeroDivisionError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyZeroDivisionError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<QueueEmpty>> for &QueueEmpty

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<QueueEmpty>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<QueueFull>> for &QueueFull

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<QueueFull>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<TimeoutError>> for &TimeoutError

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<TimeoutError>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<gaierror>> for &gaierror

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<gaierror>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<herror>> for &herror

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<herror>

Performs the conversion.

impl IntoPy<Py<timeout>> for &timeout

fn into_py(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<timeout>

Performs the conversion.

impl<T> IntoPyPointer for Py<T>

fn into_ptr(self) -> *mut PyObject

Gets the underlying FFI pointer, returns a owned pointer.

impl<T> PartialEq<Py<T>> for Py<T>

fn eq(&self, o: &Py<T>) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=.

impl<T> ToPyObject for Py<T>

fn to_object(&self, py: Python<'_>) -> PyObject

Converts Py instance -> PyObject.

impl<T> Send for Py<T>

impl<T> Sync for Py<T>